The Select content is rendered in a portal on <body> with z-50. So if your DialogContent or overlay has a higher custom z-index, the options end up underneath. Check your dialog for something like z-[100] or z-[9999]:
grep -rn "z-\[" components/Best fix: remove the custom z-index from the dialog so both use the shadcn defaults. If you need it (e.g. a sticky header above z-50), raise the select too:
<SelectContent className="z-[110]">Changing z-index on the trigger does nothing, since the options aren't inside it.